基礎英文文法-Lesson 10《助動詞》

基礎文法助動詞

助動詞就是用來幫助動詞的!!
所以請注意
一個句子裡面有助動詞就會有動詞!!!

助動詞功能如下：
1. 強調語氣
We do love chocolate.
2. 幫助動詞形成否定句
We do not love chocolate.
3. 幫助動詞形成疑問句
Do you love chocolate?

助動詞的特色：
1. 後面接原形動詞
2. 用什麼問就用什麼回答
Do you love chocolate?
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

助動詞種類：

do/does/did

表意願、想法

example: Sam doesn’t want to drink the milk.
(Sam不想喝牛奶)

can/could

表能力、允許

example: Can I go out with Mark tonight?
(我今晚可以跟Mark出去嗎?)
Tom can do his homework by himself.
(Tom可以自己完成作業)

will/would

表將來的事

example: It won’t rain tomorrow.
(明天將不會下雨)

may/might

表可能性、許可

example: It may rain this afternoon.
(今天下午可能會下雨)
May I dance with you?
(可以跟你一起跳舞嗎?)

must/ have to

表必須

example: Students must follow school rules.
(學生必須遵守校規)

shall/ should

將、應該

example: I should go home now.
(我該回家了)

以上除了did和had to只用於過去式之外，其他的像是could, would, might, should等字，並沒有時態上的限制，都可以用在現在式、過去式和未來式。

do, does, did

現在，我要特別把do, does, did拿出來講，這些字最容易被混淆，要注意用法。
其中，do用於現在式，does用在三單現，did用在過去式。 →→關於三單現，請參考《動詞時態》

例一：He walks to school everyday. (他每天走路上學)
注意到動詞walks是三單現
所以要改成疑問句或否定句就要用does
變成：
(否定句)He doesn’t walk to school everyday. (他不是每天走路上學)
要注意doesn’t後面的walk要改成原形，助動詞只跟原形動詞搭檔！
(疑問句)Does he walk to school everyday? (他每天走路上學嗎?)
也要注意walk變成原形了!!
答句要配合助動詞寫成Yes, he does.
He walks to school everyday. (這句沒有助動詞，原動詞要三單現)
或No, he doesn’t.
He doesn’t walk to school everyday.

例二：They watch TV every evening. (他們每天傍晚看電視)
動詞是watch原形。所以找do幫忙，變成：
(否定句)They don’t watch TV every evening. (他們沒有每天傍晚看電視)
(疑問句)Do they watch TV every evening? (我每天傍晚看電視嗎?)
答句： Yes, they do. They watch TV every evening.
No, they don’t. They don’t watch TV every evening.

例三：They played basketball after school yesterday. (他們昨天放學後打籃球)
動詞是played過去式，所以要改成疑問句或否定句就要用did
變成：
(否定句)They didn’t play basketball after school yesterday. (他們昨天放學後沒打籃球)
要注意didn’t後面的play要改成原形，助動詞只跟原形動詞搭檔！
(疑問句)Did they play basketball after school yesterday? (他們昨天放學後打籃球嗎?)
也要注意play變成原形了!!
答句要配合助動詞寫成Yes, they did.
They played basketball after school yesterday.
或No, they didn’t.
They didn’t play basketball after school yesterday.

那麼，到底什麼時候要用be動詞，什麼時候要用助動詞呢？
_____ you hot? 這句hot是形容詞，所以要用be動詞are
_____ you walk to school? 這句go是動詞，所以要用助動詞do表示現在式，若用did則表示過去式。(題目沒有說明時間)

不知道一大串下來懂了沒有？就做一些題目吧！

練習題：

一、將下列句子改成疑問句及否定句
1. Amy and Erwin went to school with Anna in 2004.
2. Vickie goes abroad every year.
3. Ida drives to work every morning.
4. Micky called Minnie last night.
5. They take a shower together everyday.

二、造原問句
1. Yes, I did. I went shopping last night.
2. No, he doesn’t. He doesn’t like math.
3. Yes, they did. They played football together in college.
4. No, I don’t. I don’t like beef.
5. Yes, she does. She likes to read magazines.

三、填入適當字詞
1. How _____ they go to the USA?
2. _____ there anything interesting?
3. _____ they safe?
4. _____ she like chocolate?
5. _____ Father go to bed early last night?

基礎文法助動詞

練習題答案：

一、將下列句子改成疑問句及否定句
1. Amy and Erwin went to school with Anna in 2004.
疑：Did Amy and Erwin go to school with Anna in 2004?
否：Amy and Erwin didn’t go to school with Anna in 2004.

2. Vickie goes abroad every year.
疑：Does Vickie go abroad every year?
否：Vickie doesn’t go abroad every year.

3. Ida drives to work every morning.
疑：Does Ida drive to work every morning?
否：Ida doesn’t drive to work every morning.

4. Micky called Minnie last night.
疑：Did Micky call Minnie last night?
否：Micky didn’t call Minnie last night.

5. They take a shower together everyday.
疑：Do they take a shower together everyday?
否：They don’t take a shower together everyday.

二、造原問句
1. Yes, I did. I went shopping last night.
問：Did you go shopping last night?

2. No, he doesn’t. He doesn’t like math.
問：Does he like math?

3. Yes, they did. They played football together in college.
問：Did they play football together in college?

4. No, I don’t. I don’t like beef.
問：Do you like beef?

5. Yes, she does. She likes to read magazines.
問：Does she like to read magazines?

三、填入適當字詞
1. How _do/did_ they go to the USA?
2. _Is_ there anything interesting?
3. _Are_ they safe?
4. _Does_ she like chocolate?
5. _Did_ Father go to bed early last night?