基礎英文文法-Lesson 12《主動語態vs.被動語態》

基礎文法 主動語態和被動語態

主動語態通常主詞是人或事物，會主動做什麼事情的。

Ex. He buys a novel.

被動語態通常主詞是事或物，不會自己做什麼而是需要接受動作的。

Ex. A nov­el is bought by him.

被動語態的基本形式為 be動詞+過去分詞(p.p.)

 

被動語態在七種常用時態中的用法比一比

現在簡單式 (主動) Anna clos­es the window.

(被動) The win­dow is closed by Anna.

過去簡單式 (主動) Anna closed the window.

(被動) The win­dow was closed by Anna.

未來簡單式 (主動) Anna will close the window.

(被動) The win­dow will be closed by Anna.

現在進行式 (主動) Anna is clos­ing the window.

(被動) The win­dow is being closed by Anna.

過去進行式 (主動) Anna was clos­ing the window.

(被動) The win­dow was being closed by Anna.

現在完成式 (主動) Anna has closed the window.

(被動) The win­dow has been closed by Anna.

過去完成式 (主動) Anna had closed the window.

(被動) The win­dow had been closed by Anna.

 

注意：只有及物動詞(vt)才有被動語態，被動語態中不可使用不及物動詞(vi)，如   hap­pen, sleep, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, sound, rain, cost, take等。

 

如何改變主動語態及被動語態的形式？

 

 

 

 

常用的被動式慣用語

It is said that….(據說)

Ex. It is said that Erwin will mar­ry Amy next week.

be gone (不見了)

Ex. My car is gone!

be/get lost (迷路)

Ex. When you are lost, call the police.

be/get hurt (受傷)

Ex. You may get hurt if you don’t pay atten­tion to the cars.

be born (出生) 通常用過去式

Ex. I was born on March 28^th.

 

被動語態的疑問句

Who broke the window?

→By whom was the win­dow broken?

→Whom was the win­dow bro­ken by?

What did your father buy (for) you?

→What was bought (for) you by your father?

 

含有情態助動詞的被動式句型

情態助動詞包含­can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would等等

注意：在情態助動詞之後的be動詞一律用原形be

1. 肯定句：The work can be done by Tuesday.
2. 否定句：The work can’t be done by Tuesday.

3.疑問句：Can the work be done by Tuesday?

基礎文法 主動語態和被動語態