基礎文法 英文名詞用法
名詞就是各種人事物的名稱
分成很多種類
包含可數名詞、不可數名詞、集合名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞等等
在這裡我先說明基本的可數名詞及不可數名詞的變化及用法
可數名詞Countable Noun [C]
〈字典裡面標示[C]的就是可數名詞〉
指的是有分單數和複數的名詞
that cat — those cats
the umbrella — the umbrellas
this pen — these pens
a pig — three pigs
an apple — four apples
名詞有單複數之別
單數一般前面會加a或an
an用於母音(a,e,i,o,u)開頭的字(取決於音)
複數的型態變化如下:
一般直接字尾加s
egg — eggs
hamburger — hamburgers
o,x,s,ch,sh結尾的字加es
box — boxes
peach — peaches
tomato — tomatoes
bus — buses
子音+y結尾的字去y加ies
strawberry — strawberries
pottery — potteries
單數名詞要搭配單數動詞使用
example: This is an umbrella.
Every student here is cute.
複數名詞要搭配複數動詞使用
example: Those girls are my classmates.
There are a few birds in the tree.
可用在可數單數名詞前的字包含a, an, this, that, every, each, either, neither
example: An apple a day keeps the doctors away.
The green bottle is mine.
可以用在可數複數名詞前的字包含some, few, a few, a lot of, many, these, those, enough, any
example: There are some strawberries in the fridge.
Many students are running to school.
Are there any potatoes?
不可數名詞 Uncountable Noun [U]
〈字典裡面標示[U]的就是不可數名詞〉
顧名思義就是無法計數的物質名詞
像是頭髮(hair)、空氣(air)、糖(sugar)、交通(traffic)、及其他氣體等
一些會隨著裝填的容器改變形狀的
像是冰淇淋(ice cream)、牛奶(milk)、起司(cheese)、和其他液體或會隨著溫度改變型態的物質
還有活動像是跳舞(dancing)、划船(boating)、吸煙(smoking)
另外像是學科、語言等
都屬於不可數名詞
不可數名詞需要配合單數動詞一起使用
example: She has little hair.
There isn’t much rain.
可用在不可數名詞前的字包含much, little, a little, a lot of, some, enough, this, that, any
example: Dancing is my favorite activity.
Spanish is hard for me.
Do you have any juice?
另外,我們可以用量詞來表示不可數名詞之數量:
a piece of (cake) 一塊(蛋糕)
a cup of (coffee) 一杯(咖啡)
a slice of (pizza) 一片(披薩)
a can of (coke) 一罐(可樂)
a chunk of (bread) 一大塊(麵包)
a scoop of (ice cream) 一球(冰淇淋)
an ear of (corn) 一根(玉米)
a bowl of (rice) 一碗(飯)
a bottle of (water) 一瓶(水)
a glass of (juice) 一杯(果汁)
a packet of (sugar) 一包(糖)
不可數名詞前的量詞是可以數的
example: I want two slices of pizza.
She needs two packets of salt.
名詞種類繁多並且用法時有不同
其他類別將會在之後的課程中提及